India’s Arms Supply to Israel Faces Genocide Risk Allegations in Amnesty Report

In a report shared with Al Jazeera on Thursday, the Britain-based rights group documented how India has “forged a close and profitable partnership with the Israeli defence sector and has become a significant contributor to the supply chains that support Israel’s military operations”.

The report, titled The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel, analysed 2,596 shipments of weapons, ammunition, parts and components shipped from India to Israel since 7 October 2023, referring to the beginning of the massive Israeli offensive on Gaza.

According to Amnesty International’s investigation, Indian companies supplied at least 390,516 small arms parts for military-grade weapons, 564,970 parts of explosive ordnance, including drone warheads and artillery shell casings, and 298 components of military vehicles to Israeli military suppliers.

Amnesty said it used shipment trade data to identify how weapons, ammunition, parts and components were sent to Israeli companies that supply equipment to the country’s army.

The rights group said its researchers “systematically excluded” shipments that may have been intended for civilian use. The investigation identified India’s exports of weapons and ammunition, including parts and accessories, categorised under the internationally recognised Harmonised System codes (HS Code) 93+ and 8710+.

The documents reviewed by Amnesty showed that Indian firms exported weapons components to Israeli arms manufacturers, including Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, IMI Systems Limited and MCT Materials.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2024 issued provisional measures ordering Israel to take action to prevent genocide in Gaza. Since then, many human rights groups and independent United Nations experts have called Israel’s actions in Gaza a genocide.

Agnes Callamard, Amnesty International’s secretary-general, said the group’s report “reveals India’s continuing support to the Israeli military and defence sector despite the genocide in Gaza, which has been broadcast worldwide on an almost daily basis for years”.

“India manufactures and supplies arms transferred to Israel through its ownership and control over key supplier companies,” Callamard said.

“Not only has India failed to regulate arms exports to Israel by private companies in line with international law and standards, it has also deepened its defence partnership with Israel.”

India and Israel have historically maintained close ties in defence and security matters.

India has been Israel’s largest defence purchaser for years, accounting for 29 percent of total sales between 2020 and 2025, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

During the same period, Israel ranked third on India’s list of countries from which it imports arms, with 15 percent of imports coming from Israel, after Russia with 40 percent and France with 29 percent, according to SIPRI data.

India and Israel signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on defence cooperation on November 4, 2025, aimed at enhancing military, industrial and technological ties.

During a visit by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Israel, the two countries, in a joint statement, “acknowledged the significant growth made in defence cooperation between their nations, both in scope and scale” and “provided a vision and a roadmap for future defence cooperation”.

Modi has frequently described Netanyahu as a “dear friend”, despite the International Criminal Court having issued an arrest warrant in late 2024 for the Israeli premier over the alleged war crimes carried out during Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza.

The Amnesty International report has highlighted continued scrutiny over India’s defence cooperation with Israel, focusing attention on weapons supply chains, international legal obligations and the broader consequences of military exports during the Gaza conflict.